Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

4.8K
Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
4.8K
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

4.2K
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
4.2K
Mutations01:39

Mutations

80.2K
Overview
80.2K
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

11.6K
Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
11.6K
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

12.3K
The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
12.3K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

32.2K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The evolution of polyclonal competition in aging hematopoiesis.

Cancer discovery·2026
Same author

Dynamic optimization of extrachromosomal DNA copy number drives tumour evolution.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Stochastic modelling of prostate progenitor architecture.

Computers in biology and medicine·2026
Same author

Illustrations of Handbook of the Birds of the World: Datasets of RGB values and color classification of birds.

Ecology·2026
Same author

Modeling the evolutionary dynamics of clonal hematopoiesis.

Nature genetics·2026
Same author

Cancer-immune coevolution dictated by antigenic mutation accumulation.

eLife·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Low-dimensional model for adaptive networks of spiking neurons [Phys. Rev. E 111, 014422 (2025)].

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Disentangling the effects of many-body forces on depletion interactions.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Charge transport and mode transition in dual-energy electron beam diodes.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Optimization of multisite reactions in complex compartmentalized media.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Origin of geometric cohesion in nonconvex granular materials: Interplay between interdigitation and rotational constraints enhancing frictional stability.

Physical review. E·2026
Same journal

Interaction of walkers with a standing Faraday wave.

Physical review. E·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast
07:18

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.6K

Accumulating waves of random mutations before fixation.

Marius Moeller1, Benjamin Werner2, Weini Huang1,3

  • 1Department of Mathematics, <a href="https://ror.org/026zzn846">Queen Mary University of London</a>, London E14NS, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutral mutations frequently fixate together in populations, forming "mutation waves." These waves explain empty frequency distributions and lead to a predictable wave frequency distribution, crucial for understanding evolutionary processes.

More Related Videos

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:08

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: October 16, 2014

12.5K
Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay
07:44

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Published on: November 28, 2019

23.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast
07:18

Gene-targeted Random Mutagenesis to Select Heterochromatin-destabilizing Proteasome Mutants in Fission Yeast

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.6K
Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
11:08

Combining Magnetic Sorting of Mother Cells and Fluctuation Tests to Analyze Genome Instability During Mitotic Cell Aging in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: October 16, 2014

12.5K
Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay
07:44

Measuring Microbial Mutation Rates with the Fluctuation Assay

Published on: November 28, 2019

23.5K

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Population genetics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Mutations are the source of genetic variation driving evolution.
  • Understanding mutation fixation dynamics is key to evolutionary studies.
  • Joint fixation of multiple neutral mutations occurs frequently, contrary to simple models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively analyze joint fixation events of neutral mutations in constant populations.
  • To introduce and define the concept of mutation "waves."
  • To analyze the distribution and characteristics of these mutation waves.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative analysis of mutation fixation events in stochastic simulations.
  • Statistical measurement of joint fixation distributions.
  • Development and application of the "mutation wave" concept.

Main Results:

  • Joint fixation events are common even under neutral selection.
  • Mutation "waves" describe simultaneous fixation of multiple mutations at specific frequencies.
  • Variant allele frequency distributions show large empty regions dominated by these discrete mutation waves.
  • A predictable "wave frequency distribution" emerges from the averaging of discrete waves.

Conclusions:

  • Mutation waves are a fundamental feature of neutral evolution in constant populations.
  • The concept explains observed patterns in variant allele frequency distributions.
  • The wave frequency distribution provides a predictable model for mutation dynamics.