Enhanced speed of microswimmers adjacent to a rough surface

Increased speed is not only the goal of human sports but also the aim we seek to achieve for artificial microswimmers. Microswimmers driven by various power mechanisms have shown unrivaled advantages in drug delivery and cancer therapy. Attaining high mobility with limited power has been a never-ending motive for researchers. We show the speed of squirmer-type microswimmers can be noticeably enhanced as they are released to move along the surface of a pillar array, which is constructed of multiple pillars of equal sizes and spacing. An additional pressure force arising from the significant low pressure between the swimmers and the surface is likely behind this enhancement. According to their polarity strengths, the speed of the microswimmers can be double or triple (or even more) compared with that in an unbounded environment. In particular, for systems requiring microswimmers moving along a complex path, the transport rate, instead of being slowed down, may be increased owing to the curvatures of the path constructed by the pillar arrays. We reveal two types of motion for microswimmers after increasing the pillar gap: free and forced oscillating. Our study sheds light on the hydrodynamic interactions between squirmer-type microswimmers and a rough wall.