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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

253
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
253
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

277
Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
277
Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

542
Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds...
542
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

158
The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
158
Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

351
The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...
351
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

139
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
139

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Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Inflammation in the Co-occurrence of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Association of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines with Gastric Cancer Risk: A Case-Cohort Study.

Seungju Baek1, Eunjung Park2, Eun Young Park1,3

  • 1Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.

Cancer Research and Treatment
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (GC). These findings suggest potential targets for GC prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Case-cohortPro-inflammatory cytokinesStomach neoplasms

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in cancer development and progression.
  • Understanding the link between specific cytokines and GC risk is vital for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum levels of various inflammatory cytokines and the risk of developing gastric cancer (GC).
  • To identify specific pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that may serve as biomarkers for GC risk.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for GC prevention through cytokine modulation.

Main Methods:

  • A case-cohort study design was employed using data from the Korean National Cancer Center Community (KNCCC) cohort.
  • Serum cytokine levels were quantified using Quantikine® ELISA assays.
  • Statistical analysis involved Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the risk associated with cytokine levels.

Main Results:

  • Significantly increased GC risk was observed with higher quartiles of serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) (HR: 3.48-3.79).
  • Elevated levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) (HR: 1.57) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) (HR: 2.49) were also associated with a higher risk of GC.
  • No specific mention of anti-inflammatory cytokines' association with GC risk in the provided results.

Conclusions:

  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, are significantly associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer.
  • These findings highlight the potential role of these cytokines as biomarkers for GC risk assessment.
  • Modulating the levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent a promising strategy for gastric cancer prevention.