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Promoting Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via ROS Generation by Quinolino-triazoles Derived from One-Pot Telescopic

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New quinoline-based triazole derivatives were synthesized to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2). Compound 6f showed the highest binding affinity, while 6f and 6g demonstrated significant anticancer activity by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage.

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Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is a key target for antiangiogenic and anticancer therapies.
  • Developing novel pharmacophores is crucial for effective cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate quinoline-based triazole derivatives as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors.
  • To investigate the anticancer activities and mechanisms of action of these novel compounds.

Main Methods:

  • One-pot telescopic synthesis of quinoline-based triazole derivatives (6a-j).
  • VEGFR-2 binding affinity assessment.
  • In vitro anticancer activity evaluation (cytotoxicity assays).
  • Apoptosis analysis, including mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
  • Intercellular localization studies in MCF-7 cells.

Main Results:

  • Compound 6f exhibited the highest binding affinity to VEGFR-2 (-8.9 kcal/mol).
  • Compounds 6f and 6g displayed significant anticancer activity with low micromolar cytotoxicity (10 ± 0.2 μM and 12 ± 0.6 μM, respectively).
  • Apoptosis analysis confirmed mitochondrial damage and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by 6f and 6g.
  • Compound 6g localized in the cytoplasm of MCF-7 cells, increased ROS production, and reduced MMP, indicating mitochondrial targeting.

Conclusions:

  • Quinoline-based triazole derivatives, particularly 6f and 6g, are promising candidates for anticancer drug development targeting VEGFR-2.
  • The anticancer effects are mediated through oxidative stress induction, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis.
  • Compound 6g demonstrates specific mitochondrial targeting capabilities.