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Anthrax meningoencephalitis: A case report.

Longshan Zhou¹, Kun Liu¹, Xiaoqian Yang²

¹Department of Neurosurgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

|November 20, 2024

Summary

A patient recovered from anthrax meningoencephalitis after diagnosis via cerebrospinal fluid testing. This case highlights the need for improved public awareness and occupational protection against Bacillus anthracis, especially for livestock handlers.

Keywords:

anthrax detection epidemiology meningitis

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Infectious Diseases
Microbiology

Background:

Anthrax meningoencephalitis is a rare but severe complication of Bacillus anthracis infection.
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea following head injury can create a pathway for retrograde bacterial infection.

Observation:

A patient presented with symptoms of bacterial encephalitis, including low cerebrospinal fluid sugar and high protein levels, after experiencing cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.
Bacillus anthracis was detected in the patient's cerebrospinal fluid and blood, confirming anthrax meningoencephalitis.
Infection was traced to a butcher shop where the patient had purchased meat, with Bacillus anthracis found on a chopping board.

Findings:

The patient's anthrax meningoencephalitis was successfully treated, leading to recovery.
The case demonstrates a link between contaminated meat, cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, and the development of anthrax meningoencephalitis.

Implications:

Strengthening medical personnel training for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of anthrax is crucial.
Public education on anthrax awareness and prevention, particularly for those in livestock-related occupations, is urgently needed.
Enhanced occupational protection measures are essential for individuals involved in livestock breeding, slaughtering, and processing to prevent Bacillus anthracis transmission.