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Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review
Swati Thareja1, Ramya Mandapalli2, Fahmida Shaik3
1Internal Medicine, The Hans Foundation, Delhi, IND.
Cureus
|November 20, 2024
Summary
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) significantly increases cardiovascular disease risk through mechanisms like inflammation and oxidative stress. Early diagnosis and treatment of OSA are crucial for managing hypertension and other heart conditions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Sleep Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) involves repeated breathing cessations during sleep, strongly linked to cardiovascular complications.
- OSA is the most common form of sleep apnea, associated with hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure.
- Pathophysiological links include intermittent hypoxemia, sympathetic nervous system activation, inflammation, and ventricular remodeling, leading to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the link between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
- To identify pathophysiological mechanisms connecting OSA to CVD.
- To assess the impact of OSA on cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Library for studies published in the last 15 years.
- Included studies using keywords: "sleep disorder," "apnea," "hypertension," "cardiovascular disease (CVD)," and "treatment outcomes."
Main Results:
- 10 studies met inclusion criteria from 128 identified.
- Consistent evidence highlights OSA's significant role in exacerbating cardiovascular risks.
- Increased risk is particularly notable in patients with comorbid obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.
Conclusions:
- OSA is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease development and progression.
- Understanding OSA's pathophysiological mechanisms is key to mitigating cardiovascular risks.
- Effective management of OSA may improve cardiovascular outcomes, especially in high-risk populations.
Keywords:
cardiovascular healthcardiovascular riskscomorbiditiescoronary artery diseasehypertensionsleep apneasleep disorderMore Related Videos
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