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Challenges in congenital heart disease in the Amazon region countries: A scoping review

Sophia Livas de Morais Almeida1, Andreza Dos Santos Laranjeira da Cunha1, Renata de Castro Silva1

  • 1Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Medical School, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil.

Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
|November 20, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) present significant challenges in the Amazon region, with limited studies highlighting infrastructure and team deficits. Initiatives are underway to improve diagnosis and treatment for CHDs in this area.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Health Systems Research

Background:

  • Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) pose a significant public health concern globally.
  • The Amazon region faces unique challenges in healthcare delivery due to its vastness and resource limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze and describe the primary challenges associated with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in Amazonian countries.
  • To identify gaps in research and healthcare infrastructure for CHD management in the region.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review was conducted using PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searches were performed across Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and Google Scholar databases.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on articles addressing CHD in the Amazon region, excluding non-peer-reviewed materials.

Main Results:

  • Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, predominantly from Colombia and Brazil, published within the last decade.
  • Methodologies included cross-sectional and ecological designs, examining regional factors, diagnostic/treatment challenges, and multidisciplinary team issues.
  • Studies by surgeons provided more data on healthcare system challenges, including the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions:

  • There is a growing but limited body of research on CHD in the Amazon region, primarily consisting of ecological and cross-sectional studies.
  • A significant lack of hospital infrastructure and multidisciplinary teams hinders effective CHD diagnosis and treatment.
  • Specialists in Colombia and Brazil are pursuing international training and aid to enhance the healthcare system for CHD patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
Developing countriesheart abnormalityheart surgerylow- and middle-income countries

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