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Plasmids

Plasmids

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Published on: April 25, 2015

The PLSDB 2025 update: enhanced annotations and improved functionality for comprehensive plasmid research.

Leidy-Alejandra G Molano¹, Pascal Hirsch¹, Matthias Hannig²

¹Chair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

Nucleic Acids Research

|November 20, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The updated Plasmid Database (PLSDB) now contains over 72,000 entries, offering enhanced data for plasmid research and AI development. This version features refined classifications, new functional annotations, and an improved user interface for better accessibility.

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Published on: April 25, 2015

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Plasmid Stability Analysis with Open-Source Droplet Microfluidics

Plasmid Stability Analysis with Open-Source Droplet Microfluidics

Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Bioinformatics
Genomics

Background:

Plasmids are crucial extrachromosomal DNA elements in bacteria and archaea, mediating horizontal gene transfer, antibiotic resistance, and pathogenicity.
The Plasmid Database (PLSDB) serves as a vital resource for accessing and analyzing plasmid data.

Purpose of the Study:

To present the latest release of PLSDB, detailing its expanded content, enhanced features, and improved usability.
To provide life scientists with comprehensive plasmid information and computer scientists with curated datasets for AI development.

Main Methods:

Enrichment of PLSDB through refined identification and classification of plasmid host ecosystems and diseases.
Incorporation of new annotations for functional structures like protein-coding genes and biosynthetic gene clusters.
Enhancement of existing annotations, including antimicrobial resistance genes and mobility typing.
Reconstruction of webserver architecture and data structures for improved performance and user interface.

Main Results:

PLSDB has grown to host 72,360 entries, a significant increase from the 34,513 records in the 2021 version.
New annotations for functional elements and improved classifications of host-related data have been added.
The database offers enhanced visualization options and a more user-friendly interface with decreased response times.

Conclusions:

The latest PLSDB release provides a more comprehensive, accurate, and accessible resource for plasmid research and AI applications.
The database's expanded scope and improved performance facilitate advanced analysis of plasmid diversity and function.