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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.1K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.1K
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

1.5K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview01:11

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

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The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
762
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

1.9K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
1.9K
IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

933
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Wearable Devices to Identify Central Versus Peripheral Limitations During Exercise
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Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy as a Tool to Characterize Exercise and Physical Activity: A Systematic

Pedro Afonso Valente1,2,3, Sandra I Mota1,2, Ana Teixeira3

  • 1CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.

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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a viable tool for analyzing biochemical changes during exercise. This method offers insights into metabolism and performance, with potential for athletes and the general population.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Sports Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Physical activity significantly impacts health and performance.
  • Novel methods are crucial for analyzing physiological and metabolic responses to exercise.
  • Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) offers molecular-level insights into exercise-related changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the viability of FTIR for analyzing biochemical changes during physical exercise.
  • To explore potential applications of FTIR in exercise science.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searched four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus).
  • Included studies using FTIR on human biological samples (urine, saliva, blood) from participants aged 18-50.

Main Results:

  • 15 studies demonstrated FTIR's versatility in assessing exercise-related metabolism, cardiovascular responses, and muscular fatigue.
  • FTIR provides a holistic analysis of metabolites and proteins.
  • Coupling FTIR with machine learning shows promise for sports science advancements.

Conclusions:

  • FTIR is a promising tool for monitoring athlete performance, preventing overtraining, and assessing metabolism.
  • Its accuracy, efficiency, and affordability support broader health and fitness applications.
  • Future research should expand FTIR's use across diverse exercise types and populations.