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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

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Use of Biologic or Targeted Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs and Cancer Risk.

Xavier Sendaydiego1, Laura S Gold2,3, Maureen Dubreuil4,5

  • 1Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.

JAMA Network Open
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiating rituximab, abatacept, or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) showed increased cancer risk compared to those on tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis). Further research is needed to confirm these findings in RA treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacovigilance

Background:

  • The Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial Surveillance indicated higher cancer risk with tofacitinib (a JAK inhibitor) versus TNF inhibitors in RA patients.
  • Existing international studies on cancer outcomes among RA patients using various drug classes (TNFis, non-TNFis, JAKis) may lack generalizability to the US population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate and compare the cancer risk associated with TNF inhibitors, non-TNFi drugs, and JAK inhibitors in US patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study utilizing US administrative claims data from Merative Marketscan Research Databases (November 2012 - December 2021).
  • Inclusion criteria: RA patients aged 18-64 initiating TNFis, abatacept, IL-6 inhibitors, rituximab, or JAKis.
  • Cancer incidence (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) was tracked for up to 2 years post-initiation.

Main Results:

  • The study included 25,305 patients with 27,661 drug exposures.
  • Initiation of rituximab (HR, 1.91), abatacept (HR, 1.47), and JAK inhibitors (HR, 1.36) was associated with a higher risk of incident cancer compared to TNFis.
  • These associations were statistically significant for rituximab and abatacept.

Conclusions:

  • In US RA patients, rituximab, abatacept, and JAK inhibitors were linked to increased cancer incidence within two years compared to TNFis.
  • Potential confounding factors like higher disease burden (channeling bias) may influence these findings.
  • Larger studies with extended follow-up are necessary to validate these cancer risk associations.