Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2025
07:36
Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
Published on: November 20, 2015
11.3K
Short-Term and Long-Term Mortality Risk After Preterm Birth
Asma M Ahmed1, Sonia M Grandi2, Eleanor Pullenayegum2
1Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
JAMA Network Open
|November 20, 2024
Summary
Preterm birth (PTB) increases mortality risk throughout childhood and into adulthood. This risk is highest in infancy and decreases with age, highlighting PTB as a significant long-term health concern.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Perinatal Medicine
Background:
- Preterm birth (PTB) is a primary cause of neonatal mortality.
- Limited data exist on mortality risks beyond the neonatal period for PTB survivors, particularly in North America.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between PTB and all-cause and cause-specific mortality from birth through 36 years of age.
Main Methods:
- A population-based matched cohort study in Canada included live births from 1983-1996, followed until 2019.
- Gestational age-specific PTB (24-37 weeks) was compared to term births (37-41 weeks).
- Statistical analyses included log-binomial and Cox proportional hazards regression, with coarsened exact matching for confounding.
Main Results:
- PTB was linked to increased mortality risk across all age intervals studied (0-36 years).
- The highest risks were observed in infancy (0-11 months) and early childhood (1-5 years).
- Increased mortality risks were associated with respiratory, circulatory, digestive, nervous system, endocrine, infectious diseases, cancers, and perinatal conditions.
Conclusions:
- Individuals born preterm face elevated mortality risks extending into their fourth decade of life.
- The risk of mortality is inversely related to gestational age.
- PTB should be considered a significant risk factor for long-term mortality, informing the development of preventive strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Actuarial Approach
63
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
63
01:07Teratogenicity
2.4K
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
2.4K
01:18Introduction To Survival Analysis
184
Survival analysis is a statistical method used to study time-to-event data, where the "event" might represent outcomes like death, disease relapse, system failure, or recovery. A unique feature of survival data is censoring, which occurs when the event of interest has not been observed for some individuals during the study period. This requires specialized techniques to handle incomplete data effectively.
The primary goal of survival analysis is to estimate survival time—the time...
The primary goal of survival analysis is to estimate survival time—the time...
184
01:11Hazard Rate
89
The hazard rate, also known as the hazard function or failure rate, is a statistical measure used to describe the instantaneous rate at which an event occurs, given that the event has not yet happened. From a probabilistic perspective, it represents the likelihood that a subject will experience the event in a very small time interval, conditional on surviving up to the beginning of that interval. In terms of frequency, the hazard rate can be viewed as the ratio of the number of events to the...
89
01:12Relative Risk
117
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
117
01:15Assumptions of Survival Analysis
97
Survival models analyze the time until one or more events occur, such as death in biological organisms or failure in mechanical systems. These models are widely used across fields like medicine, biology, engineering, and public health to study time-to-event phenomena. To ensure accurate results, survival analysis relies on key assumptions and careful study design.
97