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Related Concept Videos

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Nationwide, Couple-Based Genetic Carrier Screening.

Edwin P Kirk1, Martin B Delatycki1, Alison D Archibald1

  • 1From the Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital (E.P.K., K.B., S.R., S.K.), NSW Health Pathology Randwick Genomics Laboratory (E.P.K., B.R., C.C.C., F.Z., J.F., M.B., N.Q., S.R., S.K., T.R., Y.Z.), the School of Clinical Medicine (E.P.K., M.B.), the School of Women's and Children's Health (L. Freeman, S.R., S.K.), and the Randwick Clinical Campus, Neuroscience Research Australia (Y.Z.), University of New South Wales, Randwick, Victorian Clinical Genetics Services (M.B.D., A.D.A., A.K.-P., C.H., C.L., I.D., J.E.M., K.S., L.G., L.T., M.C.O., M. Wall, M.T.M.C., M.M.F., N.L., S. Lunke, S. Eggers), the Bruce Lefroy Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (M.B.D., E.A.K.), the Department of Paediatrics (M.B.D., A.D.A., E.T., J.L.H., S. Lewis, B.J.M., J. Massie, E.A.K., Z.F.), the Department of General Practice and Centre for Cancer Research (J.D.E.), and the Department of Pathology (Sebastian Lunke), University of Melbourne, Murdoch Children's Research Institute (A.D.A., E.T., J.C., J.L.H., S. Lewis, B.J.M., J. Massie, A.R., E.A.K., E.O.M., L.G., M.H., S.J., S. Lunke, S. Eggers, T.F.B.), and Australian Genomics (J.C., A.J.N., S.B., Jeffrey Braithwaite, E.O.M., K.B., S.J., Z.F., T.F.B.), Parkville, VIC, the Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Health Ethics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW (A.J.N., L.D.), the Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney (L.D., L. Freeman), Macquarie University, Australian Institute of Health Innovation (J.C.L., J. Braithwaite, T.T.), and the Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (K.B.-S.), Sydney (R.C.), the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (S.B.), the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre (S.B.), the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology (S.B.) and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.P.W.), University of Melbourne, the Department of Respiratory Medicine and Children's Bioethics Centre, the Royal Children's Hospital (J. Massie), Genomic Diagnostics (A.K.), and Virtus Health, Virtus Genetics (S.S.-M.), Melbourne, VIC, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, and Griffith University School of Medicine and Dentistry, Gold Coast (M.J.D., P.A.S.), the Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health (K.B.S., L.B.), and Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute, Cancer Genetics Laboratory (Y.Z.), University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, SA Pathology (A.K., T.H.), South Australian Clinical Genetics Service (J.L.) and the Pediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit (L. Fitzgerald), Women's and Children's Hospital, and Repromed (J.L.), Adelaide, the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Genome Diagnostics (B.H.B., G.H., K.F.), the Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney (B.H.B., G.H., K.F.), and the Department of Clinical Genetics, the Children's Hospital at Westmead (K.B.), Westmead, NSW, Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (C.E., J. McGaughran, T. Clinch), and the School of Medicine, University of Queensland (Julie McGaughran), Brisbane, the Department of Diagnostic Genomics, PathWest Laboratory Medicine (D.A., M.R.D., P.K.P., R.J.N.A., R.O., T. Catchpool, N.G.L.), the School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease (J. Beilby), the Centre for Medical Research (M.R.D., R.O., N.G.L.), and the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (N.P.), University of Western Australia, and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (R.O., Samantha Edwards, N.G.L.), Nedlands, the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia (D.A.), and Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital (J.K., N.P.), Perth, the Tasmanian Clinical Genetics Service (K.H., M. Wallis) and the School of Medicine and Menzies Institute for Medical Research (M. Wallis), University of Tasmania, Hobart, the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the School of Clinical Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst (L.B.), King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA (N.P.), the School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley (R.J.N.A.), Sonic Healthcare, Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Macquarie Park, NSW (S.S.), Mercy Hospital for Women, Mercy Perinatal, Heidelberg, VIC (S.P.W.), and Monash IVF Group, Richmond, VIC (T.H.) - all in Australia; and the International Society for Quality in Health Care, Dublin (J. Braithwaite).

The New England Journal of Medicine
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nationwide genetic carrier screening in Australia proved feasible and acceptable for reproductive couples. The program identified couples at increased risk for genetic conditions, informing reproductive choices and reducing affected births.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive genetics
  • Genomic screening
  • Public health initiatives

Background:

  • Genomic sequencing identifies couples at higher risk for offspring with genetic conditions.
  • Autosomal recessive and X-linked conditions are key targets for carrier screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a nationwide, couple-based genetic carrier screening program in Australia.
  • Assess psychosocial effects, participant acceptability, and reproductive choices following screening.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide, couple-based genetic carrier screening program offered to individuals before or early in pregnancy.
  • Testing involved at least 1281 genes, with results provided to reproductive couples.
  • Outcomes measured included psychosocial effects, acceptability, and reproductive decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Over 90% of enrolled couples completed screening, with 1.9% identified as having an increased chance of passing on genetic conditions.
  • Autosomal recessive conditions accounted for 74.3% of identified genetic risks across 90 genes.
  • 76.6% of at-risk couples utilized or planned reproductive interventions; screening was highly acceptable (98.9%) with low decisional regret.

Conclusions:

  • Couple-based genetic carrier screening is acceptable and informs reproductive decision-making.
  • Nationwide implementation in a diverse population is feasible.
  • The program successfully identified at-risk couples and facilitated informed reproductive choices.