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Neuronal activity evoked by chronically implanted intracortical microelectrodes.

D B McCreery, L A Bullara, W F Agnew

    Experimental Neurology
    |April 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Electrical stimulation of cat cortex using iridium or platinum-30% iridium microelectrodes showed reversible effects on neuronal excitability at 80 microA. Higher currents (320 microA) caused irreversible changes, indicating safety limits for cortical stimulation.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Electrophysiology

    Background:

    • Chronic electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex is a key technique in neuroscience research.
    • Understanding the safety and efficacy of microelectrode stimulation is crucial for developing new therapies.
    • Previous studies have explored the effects of electrical stimulation on neural tissue, but long-term impacts require further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the electrophysiological effects of chronic electrical stimulation on cortical neurons in cats.
    • To determine the safety limits of iridium and platinum-30% iridium microelectrodes during cortical stimulation.
    • To assess the reversibility of changes in neuronal excitability following different stimulation parameters.

    Main Methods:

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Averaged evoked compound action potentials (AECAPs) were recorded from the feline pyramidal tract.
  • Cats were subjected to continuous electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex using iridium or Pt30%Ir microelectrodes.
  • Stimulation parameters varied in current (40-80 microA and 320 microA) and duration (24 hours to 1 week).
  • Changes in AECAP thresholds were monitored before, during, and after stimulation to assess neuronal excitability.

    • Main Results:

    • Stimulation at 80 microA for 24 hours resulted in transient, reversible elevations in AECAP thresholds, indicating temporary depression of neuronal excitability.
    • Recovery to prestimulus thresholds was observed within 24 hours for early AECAP components and 4 days for late components.
    • Higher stimulation at 320 microA for 24 hours caused marked, irreversible elevation of AECAP thresholds, persisting for 7-12 days.
    • Adjacent unpulsed microelectrodes showed no effect, suggesting localized impact of stimulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Iridium and Pt30%Ir microelectrodes are safe for cortical stimulation at currents up to 80 microA, with reversible effects on neuronal excitability.
    • Stimulation parameters exceeding 80 microA, specifically 320 microA, lead to significant and irreversible depression of cortical neuron excitability.
    • These findings establish electrophysiological safety limits for chronic microelectrode cortical stimulation, guiding future research and therapeutic applications.