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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Generating Lap Joints Via Friction Stir Spot Welding on DP780 Steel
Published on: August 13, 2019
Rong Hua Meng1,2, Zan Yang Wang1,2, Wen Hui Zeng3
1Hubei Key Laboratory of Hydroelectric Machinery Design & Maintenance, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China.
This study introduces a low-carbon welding scheduling model and an improved Grey Wolf Optimizer (IGWO) to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in metal structural parts manufacturing. The IGWO algorithm effectively minimizes makespan and carbon footprint, outperforming other methods.
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