Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2025
5/6th Nephrectomy in Combination with High Salt Diet and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition to Induce Chronic Kidney Disease in the Lewis Rat
Published on: July 3, 2013
Lower prognostic nutritional index is associated with a greater decline in long-term kidney function in general
In Ho Park1, Nak Gyeong Ko2, Mihyeon Jin2
1Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 158, Paryong-ro, Masanhoewon-gu 51353, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
Background:
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is an integrated index of serum albumin and peripheral lymphocyte count, where low values may reflect poor nutritional status or inflammation. The long-term effect of PNI on renal function is not well known in the general population. Therefore, we investigated whether the PNI is related to renal function changes in the general population.
Methods:
Data from participants who underwent a health check-up between 2002 and 2018 were retrospectively examined. PNI was computed by 10×serum albumin (g/dL) + 0.005×total lymphocyte count (per mm3). The primary exposure was PNI, divided into quintiles. The primary outcome was a 25% decline in eGFR from baseline over a 5-year follow-up period.
Results:
This study included 15,437 participants (mean [standard deviation, SD] age, 43.7 [7.9] years; 46% male). The median (interquartile ranges) 5-year change of eGFR was - 5.2 (- 18.8, - 3.3) mL/min/1.73m2. A total of 2,272 participants (14.7%) experienced a 25% decline in eGFR at 5 years. Compared to the highest PNI group, lower PNI groups were at greater risk for a 25% decline in eGFR; odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were 1.42 (1.20, 1.68), 1.23 (1.04, 1.45), 1.21 (1.03, 1.43), and 1.19 (1.01, 1.40) for the first to fourth quintiles of PNI, respectively. In linear regression analyses, lower PNI groups also showed a larger decline in eGFR over 5 years compared to the highest PNI group.
Conclusions:
Lower PNI was associated with a larger decline in renal function in the general population.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Nephrons
01:11Renal Failure: Dose Adjustments
Reduced renal clearance and elimination rate are common outcomes of renal impairment. These alterations lead to a prolonged elimination half-life and an altered apparent volume of distribution for drugs. As a result, dosage adjustments are typically necessary to maintain optimal drug levels in the body.
However, dosage adjustments...
01:21Overview of Protein Metabolism
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
01:17Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
01:12Internal Anatomy of the Kidney
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...