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The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
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Probing decoherence in molecular 4f qubits.

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Molecular magnetic materials show long coherence times, crucial for quantum technologies. Studies reveal spectral diffusion limits coherence at low fields, while spin-lattice relaxation dominates at high fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum information science
  • Molecular magnetism
  • Solid-state physics

Background:

  • Decoherence limits quantum computing.
  • Molecular magnetic materials offer potential for quantum applications.
  • Understanding decoherence mechanisms is key for qubit development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors causing decoherence in molecular magnetic materials.
  • To determine phase memory times (Tm) at X-band frequencies.
  • To compare decoherence at different magnetic fields and doping levels.

Main Methods:

  • Pulse Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at X-band (∼9.6 GHz).
  • Hahn echo, partial refocusing, and CPMG pulse sequences used.
  • Measurements on Gd@Y(trensal) single crystals at various doping levels (0.5% to 10⁻³%).

Main Results:

  • Phase memory time (Tm) at X-band ranges from 1-12 μs at 5 K.
  • Coherence is maintained at temperatures above liquid nitrogen (up to 125 K).
  • At low fields, spectral diffusion limits Tm; at high fields, spin-lattice relaxation is limiting.

Conclusions:

  • Gd@Y(trensal) exhibits significant coherence at X-band, suitable for quantum information processing.
  • High qubit figure of merit (99.99% fidelity) achieved under dynamic decoupling.
  • These findings pave the way for developing molecular qubits operating at higher temperatures.