Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

1.0K
The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
1.0K
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

191
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
191
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:07

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

638
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
638
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

130
When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...
130
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

3
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
3

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same authorSame journal

Switchable band alignment in 2D-perovskite/WS<sub>2</sub>heterostructures for tunable exciton transport and valley polarization.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same author

Evidence of scaling advantage on an NP-complete problem with enhanced quantum solvers.

Nature computational science·2026
Same author

Polarized and Directional Single-Photon Emission in WSe<sub>2</sub> Enhanced by q-BIC Nanoantennae.

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Entanglement Swapping Enables the Practical Security of Quantum Cryptography.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Lorentz skew scattering nonreciprocal magneto-transport.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Spin-transition modulated light-emitting devices in a 2D magnet.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Classification and correlation signatures of chiral spin liquids on the pyrochlore lattice.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Physical sampling for computational photography.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

A comprehensive review on master stability functions in complex network dynamics.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Chiral graviton modes in fermionic Fractional Chern Insulators.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
Same journal

Bound states in the continuum in plasmonic structures.

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

487

Noise-reducing quantum key distribution.

Haoran Zhang1, Wei Li2, Ruihua He1

  • 1Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.

Reports on Progress in Physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)
|November 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Practical quantum key distribution (QKD) faces challenges from environmental noise. This review explores noise-reduction strategies to enhance the real-time security of QKD systems for broader adoption.

Keywords:
free spacenoise-reducing strategiesphase encodingpolarization encodingquantum key distributionsatellite QKDtwin-field

More Related Videos

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.4K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

487
Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
12:19

Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source

Published on: April 4, 2017

8.4K
Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

14.4K

Area of Science:

  • Quantum communication
  • Information security
  • Applied physics

Background:

  • Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers theoretical end-to-end security for communications.
  • Environmental noise significantly impedes practical QKD performance and real-time secure key rates.
  • Existing research proposes various protocols and experimental designs to mitigate noise effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze design strategies for reducing noise in practical QKD systems.
  • To evaluate the principles and real-world applicability of different noise-reduction techniques.
  • To provide a clear understanding of noise-reduction logic for researchers and engineers in QKD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of noise-reduction schemes in QKD.
  • Analysis of noise modeling, including unitary evolution and background noise.
  • Evaluation of strategies based on operational principles and practical suitability.

Main Results:

  • Environmental noise is a primary obstacle to widespread QKD implementation.
  • Noise in QKD can be modeled and compensated through various established schemes.
  • Diverse noise-reduction strategies exist, each with specific advantages for different scenarios.

Conclusions:

  • Effective noise reduction is crucial for the practical realization of secure QKD.
  • Understanding noise characteristics and mitigation techniques is key to advancing QKD technology.
  • This review facilitates research and engineering efforts by clarifying noise-reduction design principles.