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Sleep breathing disorders in adolescents with asthma
P Simão Coelho1,2, G Martins-Dos-Santos1,2, M Mikovic1,2
1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Unidade Local de Saúde (ULS) São José, Lisbon, Portugal.
European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|November 21, 2024
Summary
Adolescents with asthma frequently experience sleep-breathing disorders (SBD), with over 25% at high risk. Elevated body mass index (BMI) significantly increases SBD risk in this population.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Sleep Medicine
- Adolescent Health
Background:
- Childhood asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition often associated with sleep-breathing disorders (SBD).
- While asthmatic children's vulnerability to SBD is known, research on adolescents with asthma is limited.
- This study investigates the prevalence and risk factors of SBD in adolescents diagnosed with asthma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the frequency of sleep-breathing disorder symptoms in adolescents with asthma.
- To identify risk factors associated with sleep-breathing disorders in this population.
- To provide insights for targeted interventions and management strategies.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 98 adolescents (12-17 years) with asthma.
- Data collection included sociodemographics, medical history, lung function, and validated questionnaires for SBD risk, rhinitis control, and asthma control.
- Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of SBD risk.
Main Results:
- A significant proportion (25.5%) of adolescents with asthma were classified as high-risk for SBD.
- High SBD risk was associated with elevated body mass index (BMI), uncontrolled rhinitis, and uncontrolled asthma.
- Elevated BMI was a strong predictor, increasing SBD risk by 5.9-fold compared to normal-weight individuals.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents with asthma exhibit a high prevalence of SBD symptoms, particularly those who are overweight or have poorly controlled asthma and rhinitis.
- Elevated BMI is a critical, modifiable risk factor for SBD in this cohort.
- Findings highlight the need for integrated management addressing both asthma and SBD, focusing on weight management and symptom control.
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