Efficient Cancer Biomarker Screening and Multicancer Detection Enabled by a Multidimensional Serum Proteomic Strategy

Area of Science:

• Proteomics
• Biomarker Discovery
• Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

• Biomarker discovery is crucial for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
• Novel proteomic strategies offer high-efficiency screening, but their evaluation and application in serum require clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate three representative proteomic strategies for serum biomarker discovery.
• To integrate these strategies into a multidimensional approach for in-depth serum proteome mining.
• To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the integrated strategy for multicancer detection.

Main Methods:

• Comparative analysis of DIA (Data-Independent Acquisition) proteomics, cancer-secreted proteome, and extracellular vesicle proteome strategies.
• Integration of these strategies into a comprehensive multidimensional serum proteomic approach.
• Validation of the integrated strategy for multicancer diagnosis (breast, lung, stomach, liver, colorectum).

Main Results:

• The three individual strategies exhibit unique strengths in sensitivity, reproducibility, and protein coverage.
• These strategies are highly complementary for comprehensive biomarker discovery.
• The integrated multidimensional strategy achieved deep serum proteome coverage and identified more cancer markers.
• The integrated strategy enabled a more accurate multicancer diagnosis with 87.5% localization accuracy.

Conclusions:

• Individual proteomic strategies have distinct characteristics but are complementary for biomarker discovery.
• An integrated multidimensional serum proteomic strategy provides deep proteome coverage.
• This integrated approach enhances the discovery of cancer markers and improves multicancer diagnostic accuracy.