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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis
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Establishment of a Robust and Reproducible Model of Radiation-Induced Skin and Muscle Fibrosis

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Radiation Plexopathy.

Adam Mosa1, David M Brogan1, Christopher J Dy1

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Division of Hand and Microsurgery; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|November 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy causes delayed symptoms like pain and weakness due to fibrosis or nerve damage after radiotherapy. This review analyzes current literature and surgical options for hand surgeons.

Keywords:
Nerve injurynerve reconstructionnerve transfersradiation plexitisradiation plexopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Hand Surgery

Background:

  • Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIB P) presents with delayed symptoms months to years post-radiotherapy.
  • Pathophysiology involves peri-plexus fibrosis or direct neural injury causing demyelination.
  • Symptoms include neuropathic pain, weakness, and extremity dysfunction, impacting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated analysis of the current literature on radiation-induced brachial plexopathy.
  • To inform practicing hand surgeons about the latest findings and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy.
  • Analysis of reported surgical interventions and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • RIB P onset is delayed, often years after radiation therapy.
  • Surgical options discussed include plexus neurolysis, nerve transfers, and vascularized free tissue transfer.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge for clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation-induced brachial plexopathy is a significant complication requiring specialized management.
  • Understanding the literature is crucial for effective surgical intervention and patient care.
  • Further research may refine treatment protocols for this condition.