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An ADaptivE PrenaTal (ADEPT) intervention to increase childhood vaccinations: Protocol for a cluster randomized trial
Lavanya Vasudevan1,2, Rachael M Porter1, Ilse Campos1
1Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.
Insights
This study evaluates an adaptive prenatal intervention to reduce parental vaccine hesitancy and increase childhood immunizations. Findings will inform strategies for proactive parental vaccine education and timely infant vaccinations.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Maternal and Child Health
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Limited evidence exists on prenatal interventions to mitigate parental vaccine hesitancy.
- This study protocol evaluates an adaptive prenatal intervention (ADEPT) for first-time pregnant individuals.
- The intervention aims to increase childhood vaccinations post-birth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of the ADEPT intervention in increasing childhood vaccinations.
- To assess changes in parental vaccine hesitancy following the ADEPT intervention.
- To determine the impact of prenatal interventions on timely infant immunizations.
Main Methods:
- A cluster-randomized trial with a nested explanatory mixed methods design.
- Intervention group receives ADEPT alongside standard care; control group receives standard care alone.
- Primary outcome: timely childhood vaccination at 2 months; secondary outcome: reduction in vaccine hesitancy.
Main Results:
- Data collection ongoing; effectiveness and impact on vaccine hesitancy to be determined.
- Childhood vaccination outcomes will be extracted from immunization registries.
- Parental vaccine intention will be assessed pre- and post-intervention.
Conclusions:
- Study findings are expected to provide evidence on the efficacy of prenatal interventions.
- The research aims to proactively address parental vaccine hesitancy.
- This work seeks to promote timely childhood vaccinations.
Background:
There is limited evidence to assess if interventions implemented during pregnancy proactively mitigate parental vaccine hesitancy and promote timely vaccination among children after birth. This study protocol describes the evaluation of an ADaptivE PrenaTal (ADEPT) intervention to increase childhood vaccinations that is implemented with first-time pregnant individuals (PIs).
Methods:
Within the framework of a type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study design, a cluster-randomized trial (CRT) will determine the effectiveness of ADEPT at increasing childhood vaccinations, and a nested explanatory mixed methods (NMM) study will assess changes in parental vaccine hesitancy. Study practices will be randomized to deliver ADEPT in addition to standard of care or standard of care alone. Providers at intervention sites will participate in a 4-part training program on childhood vaccines and effective communication. During a routine prenatal visit, providers will discuss vaccines recommended for the PI during pregnancy and for the child after birth, following which PIs will be screened for vaccination intention. Vaccine-hesitant PIs will be offered adaptive components of the intervention, which include an educational website and phone call with a vaccine navigator to discuss concerns. They will also be offered enrollment into the NMM study, where their vaccination intention will be assessed post-intervention. After PIs give birth, their child's vaccination outcomes at 2 months will be extracted from the state immunization registry. The primary study outcome is the difference in timely childhood vaccination at 2 months between the intervention and control arms. The secondary outcome is reduction in vaccine hesitancy assessed among PIs in the NMM study as the pre-post intervention change in vaccination intention.
Discussion:
The study findings are expected to contribute evidence on the effectiveness of prenatal interventions to proactively mitigate parental vaccine hesitancy and promote timely vaccinations after the child's birth.
Trial Registration:
The study protocol is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05795855).
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