Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

45
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
45
Statistical Inference Techniques in Hypothesis Testing: Parametric Versus Nonparametric Data01:16

Statistical Inference Techniques in Hypothesis Testing: Parametric Versus Nonparametric Data

114
Statistical inference techniques, paramount in hypothesis testing, differentiate into two broad categories: parametric and nonparametric statistics.
Parametric statistics, as the name suggests, assumes that data follow a specific distribution, often a normal distribution. This assumption enables robust hypothesis testing and estimation. Parametric methods, like the Student's t-test or Goodness-of-fit test, are frequently employed in biostatistics due to their robustness. For instance,...
114
Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

93
The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
93
Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

460
Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within...
460
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value01:13

Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predicted Value

192
In healthcare diagnostics, laboratory tests play a crucial role in identifying and diagnosing a wide range of medical conditions. However, interpreting test results is not always straightforward. An abnormal test result does not always confirm the presence of a disease, just as a normal result does not guarantee its absence. To assess the reliability of these diagnostic tools, healthcare practitioners rely on two key statistical indicators: sensitivity and specificity.
Sensitivity is the...
192
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

4.0K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
4.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adult-onset attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as neuroadaptation: rethinking attention in the modern environment.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

H-index and academic rank in psychiatry: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

Custodial and non-custodial forensic mental health services in Australia - A descriptive analysis of combined data provided to the Australian institute of health and welfare.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

Menopause and hospital admission with major mental health conditions: A population-based study.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

Clinical update on the use of prazosin for night-time symptoms of PTSD.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2026
Same author

Multidisciplinary team care and the challenges of borderline personality disorder.

Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.6K

Diagnostic testing in psychiatry: insights and examples from a Bayesian perspective.

Paul A Maguire1,2, Jeffrey Cl Looi1,3

  • 1Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Addiction Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra Hospital, Canberra, ACT, Australia.

Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
|November 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Bayes

Keywords:
Bayesiananti-NMDAR encephalitisclinical utilityposterior probabilityprior probability

More Related Videos

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:44

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

214
Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
14:27

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

15.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
10:02

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD

Published on: March 12, 2020

15.6K
Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:44

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

214
Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
14:27

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

15.6K

Area of Science:

  • Clinical diagnostics
  • Biostatistics
  • Medical decision-making

Background:

  • Diagnostic tests are crucial in clinical practice.
  • Understanding pre-test probability is essential for accurate interpretation of test results.
  • Rare diseases pose unique challenges in diagnosis due to low prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the application of Bayes' theorem in clinical diagnostic testing.
  • To emphasize the impact of pre-test probability, particularly for rare diseases.
  • To enhance understanding of how new information updates diagnostic probabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Application of Bayes' theorem to diagnostic scenarios.
  • Analysis of conditional probabilities with new evidence.
  • Evaluation of test performance metrics (sensitivity, specificity) in relation to disease prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Bayes' theorem provides a framework for updating probabilities with new data.
  • Low disease prevalence significantly increases the proportion of false positives.
  • High test sensitivity and specificity may not guarantee clinical utility for rare conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Bayes' theorem is vital for revising diagnostic probabilities.
  • The clinical utility of diagnostic tests is diminished by a high false positive rate in low-prevalence diseases.
  • Cost-benefit analyses must consider the impact of prevalence on test effectiveness.