[Use of clinical ultrasound in primary care: Scrotal pathology]

Ultrasound stands out as the most suitable non-invasive diagnostic technique for examining testicular pathology. It has the ability to differentiate the most relevant causes of acute pain and scrotal inflammation, such as epididymitis, testicular torsion, and acute trauma. In patients with palpable irregularities or scrotal swelling, ultrasound can identify, locate, and characterize both intratesticular and extratesticular masses. Using a high-frequency linear transducer enables detailed visualization of testicular anatomy and surrounding structures. Additionally, it allows for the assessment of vascular perfusion through Doppler analysis. Considering clinical history and physical examination proper training and understanding the technique's limitations significantly enhance decision-making. This analysis covers both the normal sonoanatomy of the testicle and a variety of pathologies that may be of interest in a physician's office.