Astral-DIA proteomics: Identification of differential proteins in sheep, goat, and cow milk

Dairy products are of great benefit to human health, and the nutritional differences between different dairy products have attracted attention. In this study, DIA proteomics technique, combined with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) as a validation method, was used for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteins in sheep, goat, and cow milk. In total, 4316 proteins were identified. Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 and aminopeptidase can be used as potential biomarkers for sheep milk, fibrinogen alpha chain and Alpha-1-B glycoprotein can be used as potential biomarkers for goat milk, and angiogenin-1 and Serpin family G member 1 can be used as potential biomarkers for cow milk. Functional analysis showed that these different proteins were enriched through different pathways, such as complement and coagulation cascades. These data reveal the differences in protein content and physiological functionality and provide an important basis for the study of dairy nutrition and adulteration identification.