Three transmission properties of the perfect vortex beam

We propose that a perfect vortex beam (PVB) exhibits three major properties, namely, perfect property, self-focusing property, and self-healing property. Our experimental results indicate that PVB manifests superb perfect property, impervious to the influence of orbital angular momentum during the anti-diffraction stage, but ultimately transitioning to the self-focusing property during the self-focusing stage. The self-focusing property of PVB can significantly augment its transmission performance and be tailored through adjustments to the ring radius, ring thickness, and self-focusing ratio to meet the needs of various optical applications. Moreover, we have discussed the mechanism underlying the self-focusing phenomenon and deduced the self-focusing position formula. This formula facilitates a superior estimation of the self-focusing location. Furthermore, our study unveils the third salient property of PVB, namely, its self-healing property, which enables it to restore its intensity and shape of beam after being obstructed by an obstacle, thereby the self-healing property offers promising potential for the application of PVB in the optical field. Our investigation marks what we believe to be the first discovery of PVB's three major properties, confirmed via theoretical and experimental methods. Thereby establishing a firm research foundation that can facilitate the burgeoning applications of PVB in various optical fields, including but not limited to optical trapping, optical imaging, and wireless optical communication.