Acute Epstein-Barr Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Virology

Background:

• Coinfection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is uncommon.
• Differentiating viral pharyngitis from bacterial infections like streptococcal pharyngitis can be challenging.

Observation:

• An 18-year-old female presented with symptoms mimicking streptococcal pharyngitis, including throat plaques and exudates.
• Initial rapid tests for Group A Streptococcus were negative.
• Laboratory investigations confirmed EBV reactivation (elevated Anti-VCA IgM/IgG) and active COVID-19 infection via qPCR.

Findings:

• The patient experienced typical COVID-19 symptoms such as anosmia and ageusia, alongside persistent asthenia.
• Petechiae on the chest and limbs developed later in the clinical course.
• Supportive treatment and isolation were the primary management strategies.

Implications:

• EBV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection can complicate diagnosis and clinical presentation.
• Accurate laboratory diagnostics are essential to prevent misdiagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic use.
• Understanding viral coinfections is critical for appropriate patient management and prognosis.