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Physiologic and biochemical changes during a triathlon competition.

J P van Rensburg, A J Kielblock, A van der Linde

    International Journal of Sports Medicine
    |February 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    The triathlon is a demanding aerobic event, causing significant dehydration and elevated stress markers in athletes. Its physiological demands surpass those of other endurance sports, requiring further investigation.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Science
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Endurance Sports Medicine

    Background:

    • Triathlons combine multiple endurance disciplines (e.g., cycling, running).
    • Limited research exists on the combined physiological stress of continuous multi-sport events.
    • Previous studies focused on individual components rather than the integrated triathlon demand.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the physiological demands of the triathlon.
    • To analyze energy metabolism, fluid/electrolyte balance, and stress markers during a triathlon.
    • To compare the triathlon's physiological impact to other endurance events.

    Main Methods:

    • Recruited 23 male athletes for the Iron Man Triathlon study.
    • Collected venous blood samples pre- and post-race.

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  • Assayed blood parameters for energy metabolism, fluid/electrolyte balance, and serum tissue enzymes.

    • Main Results:

    • Triathlon identified as primarily aerobic based on blood glucose, free fatty acids, and lactate.
    • Significant body mass reduction (4.5%) indicated severe dehydration, exceeding other endurance events.
    • Elevated post-race enzyme levels (LD, CK, AST) suggest physiological stress, with LD correlating negatively with performance time.

    Conclusions:

    • The triathlon imposes greater physiological demands than comparable endurance events.
    • Severe dehydration is a key challenge in triathlon performance.
    • The event is predominantly aerobic, but carries significant physiological stress.