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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Related Experiment Video

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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Horizontal transposon transfer during plant terrestrialization.

Hao Wang1, Zilong Xu1, Zhenhua Zhang1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|November 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants acquired transposable elements from microbes during their land colonization. Many long non-coding RNAs in land plants originate from these horizontally transferred elements and aid in drought stress and abscisic acid responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Plant science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Land plants evolved from aquatic ancestors, a transition involving significant genetic changes.
  • Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a known mechanism for acquiring genetic material between species.
  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences that can alter host genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of horizontally transferred transposable elements in land plant evolution.
  • To identify long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) derived from these acquired elements.
  • To explore the function of TE-derived lncRNAs in plant stress responses.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of plant genomes to detect horizontally transferred TEs.
  • Identification and characterization of lncRNAs originating from retrotransposons.
  • Gene expression analysis under drought stress and abscisic acid treatment.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of transposable elements acquired via HGT from bacteria and fungi in land plant genomes.
  • Discovery of numerous long non-coding RNAs derived from these horizontally transferred retrotransposons.
  • Demonstration that some of these TE-derived lncRNAs are highly expressed and play a role in drought stress and abscisic acid signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Horizontal transfer of transposable elements has contributed significantly to the genetic makeup of land plants.
  • Retrotransposon-derived lncRNAs represent a novel class of regulatory molecules in plants.
  • These lncRNAs are functionally important for adaptation to terrestrial environments, particularly in stress conditions.