The gut-microbiota-brain axis: Focus on gut steroids

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Microbiology
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Steroids, including sex hormones and corticosteroids, are synthesized in gonads and adrenals.
• Extra-glandular steroidogenesis occurs in the brain and gastrointestinal tract (GIT).
• The gut microbiota influences steroid production and interacts with the host via the gut-microbiota-brain axis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review intestinal steroidogenesis and its regulation.
• To discuss the role of gut steroids in physiological and pathological conditions.
• To examine the microbiome's influence on steroidogenesis and metabolism.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific articles on steroidogenesis, gut microbiota, and the gut-microbiota-brain axis.
• Synthesis of current knowledge regarding the interplay between intestinal steroids, gut microbiota, and brain function.
• Analysis of potential therapeutic applications of steroid molecules in gastrointestinal and neurological disorders.

Main Results:

• Intestinal steroidogenesis is a significant source of steroids with implications for gut health.
• Gut steroids and microbiota actively participate in the gut-microbiota-brain axis communication.
• Microbiome plays a critical role in steroid metabolism and can influence host physiology.

Conclusions:

• Steroid molecules represent a promising therapeutic avenue for gastrointestinal disorders.
• Targeting the gut-microbiota-brain axis through steroid modulation may offer new treatment strategies for brain comorbidities.
• Further research into gut steroids and their interactions with the microbiome is warranted.