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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Self-Reported Spite Predicts Spiteful Behavior in an Online Crowd-Sourced Sample.

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Spiteful behavior, willingness to self-harm for social competition, is measured by the Spitefulness Scale. This study confirms the scale predicts actual spiteful decision-making in a game, validating its use.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Behavior
  • Decision-Making

Background:

  • Spiteful behavior, defined as harming oneself to harm others, is prevalent in social competition.
  • The Spitefulness Scale (Marcus et al., 2014) is the primary psychological tool for measuring spite.
  • Limited research exists on the correlation between spitefulness scores and actual spiteful decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between scores on the Spitefulness Scale and demonstrable spiteful decision-making.
  • To validate the Spitefulness Scale's predictive power for real-world spiteful actions.

Main Methods:

  • A UK sample (N=113) participated in the study.
  • Participants played a 'Joy of Destruction' game to simulate resource-based conflict.
  • Following the game, participants completed the Spitefulness Scale.

Main Results:

  • Scores on the Spitefulness Scale significantly predicted participants' decisions to spend resources on destroying others' assets.
  • The scale also predicted the amount participants were willing to spend on such destructive actions.
  • These findings support the Spitefulness Scale's validity in predicting behavioral outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • The Spitefulness Scale effectively predicts actual spiteful decision-making.
  • The study validates the scale's utility for measuring spiteful behavior.
  • The scale's applicability extends to data gathered through online crowd-sourcing methods.