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Related Concept Videos

Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

409
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
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Psychotherapy01:28

Psychotherapy

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Psychotherapy is a versatile, nonmedical approach aimed at helping individuals address emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal issues to enhance their overall well-being. It can involve one-on-one sessions, couples counseling, or small group discussions with a therapist. The therapeutic process includes various techniques such as open discussion, interpretation of thoughts and behaviors, active listening, positive reinforcement, and role modeling. Psychotherapy aims to support individuals in...
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Healthcare Agencies II01:17

Healthcare Agencies II

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There are various healthcare agencies in the United States—some of which are managed by religious institutions and others by different government branches.
Parish nursing is a growing specialty nursing profession that focuses on holistic healthcare, health promotion, and illness prevention. It blends professional nursing practice with a health ministry, focusing on health and healing within the context of a Christian community. Parish nurses serve as health educators, referral sources,...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

413
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Lp(a): A Rapidly Evolving Therapeutic Landscape.

Khalil Anchouche1,2, George Thanassoulis3,4

  • 1McGill University Health Centre and Research Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada.

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PubMed
Summary

Novel therapies targeting elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) are in development. These promising treatments aim to lower Lp[a] levels, addressing a significant, unmitigated cardiovascular risk factor.

Keywords:
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO)Aortic stenosis (AS)Coronary artery disease (CAD)Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a])Small interfering RNA (siRNA)

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Elevated lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a genetically determined risk factor for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and aortic stenosis.
  • Lp[a] is prevalent, prompting recommendations for universal adult screening.
  • Currently, no specific Lp[a]-lowering drugs are approved for clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging Lp[a]-lowering therapies in the drug development pipeline.
  • To discuss the potential future clinical applications of these novel treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of ongoing phase 3 clinical trials for novel Lp[a]-lowering therapies.
  • Description of RNA-based therapies targeting LPA mRNA degradation.
  • Overview of early-stage drug development candidates.

Main Results:

  • Pelacarsen and olpasiran are RNA-based therapies in phase 3 trials, degrading LPA mRNA.
  • Other candidates like Lepodisiran, Zerlasiran, and Muvalaplin are in early development.
  • No Lp[a]-lowering drugs are currently approved, but promising candidates are under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Novel RNA-based therapies show promise for lowering lipoprotein(a).
  • Successful clinical trials could provide the first treatments for this cardiovascular risk factor.
  • These therapies may significantly expand cardiovascular care options.