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Spectral Flux Enhancement of X Rays for Addressing Ultranarrow Nuclear Transitions.

Elena Kuznetsova1, Xiwen Zhang1, Yuri Shvyd'ko2

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Researchers enhanced X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL) radiation for nuclear clocks. A novel resonant absorber method significantly boosts spectral flux, enabling more efficient nuclear excitation and paving the way for advanced nuclear clock technologies.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The 1.4 eV ultranarrow nuclear transition in Scandium-45 (⁴⁵Sc) at 12.4 keV was recently excited using a self-seeded X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL).
  • This demonstrated the potential of XFELs for exciting nuclear isomers but revealed limitations due to their broad spectral bandwidth (~1 eV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a method for enhancing the spectral flux of XFEL radiation.
  • To overcome the spectral bandwidth limitations of current XFEL sources for nuclear excitation.
  • To facilitate the realization of a Mössbauer nuclear clock using ⁴⁵Sc.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a resonant absorber with a longitudinal gradient in the nuclear transition frequency.
  • Absorbed a portion of the incident XFEL pulse into a nuclear collective excitation.
  • Converted the absorbed energy back into X-ray radiation by reversing the frequency gradient, achieving spectral narrowing and flux enhancement.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a method for spectral narrowing and significant flux enhancement of XFEL radiation.
  • Achieved approximately a hundredfold spectral flux enhancement in a ⁴⁵Sc₂O₃ single crystal.
  • The enhanced radiation facilitates more efficient nuclear excitation.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method significantly enhances the spectral flux of XFEL radiation, making ⁴⁵Sc a more viable candidate for nuclear clocks.
  • This technique is crucial for enabling the experimental observation of resonant fluorescence and coherent forward scattering at the 12.4 keV transition.
  • The findings pave the way for developing advanced Mössbauer nuclear clocks.