Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

629
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
629
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.3K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.3K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

1.1K
All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
1.1K
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

5.0K
When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
5.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

631
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
631
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

2.4K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An fMRI dataset of verbalized spontaneous thought with annotated transcripts and self-report trait measures.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Constraints on New Vector Boson Mediated Electron-Nucleus Interactions from Spectroscopy Data of Polar Diatomic Molecules.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Hyperpolarized Molecular Nuclear Spins Achieve Magnetic Amplification.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Zero- to ultralow-field J-spectroscopy with a diamond magnetometer.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Enabling nondestructive observation of electrolyte composition in batteries with ultralow-field nuclear magnetic resonance.

Chemical science·2026
Same author

Retention and transformation of internal experiences in autobiographical memory narratives.

Communications psychology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.6K

New Constraints on Axion-Mediated Spin Interactions Using Magnetic Amplification.

Haowen Su1,2, Min Jiang1,2, Yuanhong Wang1,2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences, <a href="https://ror.org/04c4dkn09">University of Science and Technology of China</a>, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Physical Review Letters
|November 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study constrains axion-mediated interactions using polarized Xenon-129 gas. New limits improve searches for axion dark matter and address the strong CP problem.

More Related Videos

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
08:50

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
07:42

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

Published on: July 20, 2022

2.6K
High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
08:50

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
08:28

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: September 19, 2017

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Axions are hypothetical particles beyond the Standard Model, proposed as dark matter candidates and solutions to the strong CP problem.
  • Detecting axions requires sensitive experimental methods capable of probing weak interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To search for axion-mediated interactions between two separated ^{129}Xe gas ensembles.
  • To establish new constraints on neutron-neutron pseudoscalar couplings within the axion mass window.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized spin-exchange interactions with Rubidium (Rb) vapor to monitor and polarize ^{129}Xe nuclear spins.
  • Employed magnetic amplification through effective fields from Rb-Xe collisions, enhancing sensitivity by up to 145-fold.
  • Applied template filtering to extract exotic interactions with a maximized signal-to-noise ratio.

Main Results:

  • Constrained axion-mediated interactions to be less than 10^{-5} of normal magnetic interactions on a 60 mm length scale.
  • Established new, significantly improved constraints on neutron-neutron pseudoscalar couplings, particularly within the 10 μeV–1 meV axion window.

Conclusions:

  • The experiment sets unprecedented limits on axion properties, advancing searches for axion dark matter.
  • The methodology shows promise for future searches for other axion-nucleon interactions and astrophysical axion phenomena.