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Prevalence of Japanese encephalitis infection in children below 15 years' age, Bihar

Maneesh Kumar1, Kamal Singh1, Roshan Kamal Topno2

  • 1Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Virology, ICMR-Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
|November 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a major cause of acute encephalitis syndromes (AES) in Bihar. This study found JE virus (JEV) IgM in 8.79% of AES patients, highlighting the need for increased awareness.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the primary cause of acute encephalitis syndromes (AES) globally.
  • Bihar, India, has comprehensive JE data but ranks third in reported cases, necessitating localized incidence studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) cases in Bihar.
  • To investigate the epidemiology of JEV as a cause of AES in endemic districts of Bihar.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from AES patients between January 2018 and December 2022.
  • Detection of JEV-specific IgM antibodies using enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

Main Results:

  • JEV IgM antibodies were detected in 193 (8.79%) of 2195 analyzed AES patients.
  • The majority of affected patients were children aged 6-10 years, with disease onset predominantly in June.
  • JEV was confirmed as a significant etiological agent of AES in the studied districts of Bihar.

Conclusions:

  • JEV is a major cause of AES in Bihar, with specific endemic districts identified.
  • Increased public awareness and cross-sectoral prevention strategies are crucial for managing JE.
  • Despite a declining case fatality rate, continued surveillance and control measures are necessary.

Keywords:
AESAcute encephalitis syndromeJEV (Japanese encephalitis virus)Prevalencemeningoencephalitis

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