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This review explores the boar seminal microbiome, examining bacterial content and its impact on semen quality. Understanding these factors is crucial for sustainable swine farming and responsible antibiotic use in artificial insemination.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Animal Science
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics have advanced microbiome research, yet boar seminal microbiome studies remain limited.
  • Existing research on gut and female reproductive tract microbiomes provides context, but boar semen requires focused investigation.
  • Factors like breed, season, diet, hygiene, and antibiotic use may influence boar seminal microbiome composition and semen quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of boar bacterial content using culture methods and metagenomics.
  • To analyze the boar seminal microbiome and its relationship with semen quality.
  • To explore connections between the reproductive tract/gut microbiome and seminal quality, proposing strategies for semen processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on boar bacterial content and seminal microbiome.
  • Analysis of conventional culture methods and advanced metagenomics/bioinformatics approaches.
  • Examination of factors influencing seminal microbiome diversity and richness.

Main Results:

  • Limited but valuable insights exist on boar seminal microbiome composition.
  • Breed, season, feed, hygiene, and antibiotic use are potential influencers of seminal bacterial diversity.
  • The gut and reproductive tract microbiomes may impact boar semen quality.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into the boar seminal microbiome is essential for the swine industry.
  • Understanding seminal bacteria is key for sustainable practices and antibiotic stewardship in artificial insemination.
  • Developing alternative semen processing methods can enhance seminal quality.