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Multiple myeloma in a horse.

M D Markel, T E Dorr

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
    |March 15, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    A rare case of multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells, was diagnosed in an aged Arabian mare. The equine cancer led to progressive weight loss and was confirmed by tissue analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Oncology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Multiple myeloma is a neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells, typically affecting older individuals.
    • Equine myeloma is rare, with limited case reports in veterinary literature.
    • Chronic weight loss is a common presenting sign in various equine diseases.

    Observation:

    • A 22-year-old Arabian mare presented with a history of chronic weight loss.
    • Quantitative immunoglobulin analysis revealed a significant monoclonal gammopathy (IgG(T), 9,800 mg/dl).
    • The horse was euthanatized due to progressive clinical decline.

    Findings:

    • Microscopic examination confirmed plasma cell infiltrates in multiple tissues.
    • Affected tissues included bone marrow, spleen, pituitary gland, adrenal cortex, tongue muscle, and lymph nodes (bronchial, renal, mesenteric).
    • The findings are consistent with disseminated multiple myeloma in an equine patient.

    Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of considering multiple myeloma in horses presenting with chronic weight loss and monoclonal gammopathy.
    • Understanding the distribution of plasma cell infiltrates can aid in diagnosis and prognosis.
    • Further research into equine multiple myeloma could improve diagnostic strategies and treatment options.

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