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Related Concept Videos

Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Kidney Structure01:45

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

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As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
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Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
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Nephrolithiasis.

Megan L Prochaska1, Anna L Zisman1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.

Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|November 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Kidney stone prevalence is rising globally. Effective prevention requires identifying stone type and personalized metabolic evaluation to reduce stone growth and recurrence.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Metabolic Medicine

Background:

  • Kidney stone incidence is increasing worldwide.
  • Reducing kidney stone morbidity necessitates controlling stone growth and recurrence.
  • Tailored preventative strategies depend on stone composition and patient evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present treatment strategies for common kidney stone types.
  • To offer practical insights for nephrologists managing kidney stones.
  • To emphasize individualized therapy based on stone analysis and metabolic assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical cases focusing on common kidney stone types.
  • Discussion of diagnostic approaches including stone composition analysis.
  • Highlighting individualized therapeutic interventions.

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Main Results:

  • Demonstration of varied treatment approaches for different kidney stone compositions.
  • Emphasis on the importance of thorough patient history and metabolic workup.
  • Practical pearls for nephrologists in managing kidney stone patients.

Conclusions:

  • Personalized therapy, guided by stone type and metabolic evaluation, is crucial for managing kidney stones.
  • Understanding stone composition is key to effective prevention and treatment.
  • Nephrologists can optimize patient care by applying individualized strategies for kidney stone management.