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Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge02:54

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An ionic compound is stable because of the electrostatic attraction between its positive and negative ions. The lattice energy of a compound is a measure of the strength of this attraction. The lattice energy (ΔHlattice) of an ionic compound is defined as the energy required to separate one mole of the solid into its component gaseous ions. For the ionic solid sodium chloride, the lattice energy is the enthalpy change of the process:
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Enhanced Piezoelectric Response Attained by Defect Dipoles in BiFeO3-based Lead-Free Ceramics.

Jimin Lin1, Jin Qian1, Yunjing Shi1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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Summary

Defects in bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) ceramics can enhance piezoelectric properties by aligning with electric fields at high temperatures. This study optimized defect concentrations for improved ferro- and piezoelectric performance.

Keywords:
BiFeO3defect engineeringdomain configurationhigh-temperature applicationpiezoelectric ceramic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Ceramics Engineering

Background:

  • The role of defects in piezoelectric materials is complex, involving trade-offs between reduced resistance and enhanced piezoelectricity.
  • Understanding defect polarization mechanisms is crucial for optimizing piezoelectric ceramics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined influence of defect concentration on the piezoelectric properties of BiFeO3-based ceramics.
  • To determine optimal defect levels for enhanced piezoelectric performance while maintaining insulating characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of BiFeO3-based ceramics with varying defect concentrations.
  • Characterization of piezoelectric properties (d33, Tc, kp) under controlled high-temperature and electric field conditions.
  • Analysis of defect dipole orientation during polarization.

Main Results:

  • Incorporating specific defect concentrations enhances piezoelectric properties and preserves insulating behavior.
  • Defect dipoles and intrinsic polarization align with the electric field at elevated temperatures.
  • Optimized BF-BT-BKT ceramics exhibit significant piezoelectric performance (d33 = 203 ± 5 pC/N, Tc = 502 °C, kp = 33.05%).

Conclusions:

  • Defect engineering in BiFeO3 ceramics offers a pathway to enhance ferro- and piezoelectric properties.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding the structural mechanisms governing piezoelectricity in bismuth ferrate.
  • Optimized defect concentrations are key to achieving superior piezoelectric performance in advanced ceramic materials.