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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels
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Comparing structure-function relationships in brain networks using EEG and fNIRS.

Rosmary Blanco1, Maria Giulia Preti2,3,4, Cemal Koba5

  • 1Computer Vision lab, Sano Center for Computational Medicine, Krakow, Poland. r.blanco@sanoscience.org.

Scientific Reports
|November 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores brain network organization using simultaneous Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Findings reveal how electrical and hemodynamic signals interact across brain states, offering insights into brain function.

Keywords:
Brain structure–function relationshipEEGMultimodal imagingNeural activity and Hemodynamic responsefNIRS

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding the human brain's large-scale organization relies on mapping structural and functional networks.
  • Emerging techniques like functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offer potential for investigating structure-function relationships, but their application remains underexplored.
  • The structure-function relationship during task periods, particularly using multimodal approaches, is an underexplored area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize global and local structure-function coupling using simultaneous Electroencephalography (EEG) and fNIRS.
  • To investigate variations in structure-function coupling across electrical and hemodynamic networks and different brain states (resting state and motor imagery).
  • To explore the spatial heterogeneity of the structure-function relationship and discrepancies between EEG and fNIRS signals.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous EEG and fNIRS recordings from 18 subjects during resting state and motor imagery tasks.
  • Source-reconstructed EEG and fNIRS signals were analyzed using graph signal processing.
  • Structure-function coupling was assessed globally and locally, examining variations across brain states and frequency bands.

Main Results:

  • fNIRS structure-function coupling at rest mirrors slower EEG coupling, with state-dependent variations.
  • Local coupling is heterogeneous, stronger in sensory cortex and weaker in association cortex, following a unimodal to transmodal gradient.
  • Discrepancies between EEG and fNIRS were observed, especially in the frontoparietal network, with lower cross-band correspondence in transmodal cortex.

Conclusions:

  • This study pioneers a multimodal understanding of the structure-function relationship and brain organization using accessible imaging techniques.
  • Findings highlight differences in how electrical and hemodynamic signals represent brain activity and their coupling.
  • The results provide a foundation for future research utilizing combined EEG and fNIRS for brain network analysis.