Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Cardiac Cycle01:29

Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle refers to the sequence of events that occur in the heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the next. It's characterized by alternating periods of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscles.
During the cardiac cycle, blood flow through the heart is regulated entirely by changing pressure gradients. This sequence of events begins with the heart in a state of total relaxation, known as mid-to-late diastole, during which blood passively flows from...
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anticipatory and theme-specific neural oscillations predict aesthetic evaluation of poetry.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Neurophysiological, imaging and neurobiological markers of central fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

Linking movement-related beta oscillations to cortical excitability, structural damage, and fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

Brain communications·2026
Same author

An EEG correlation framework to study state anxiety and learning under uncertainty.

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

Frequency-specific changes in prefrontal activity associated with maladaptive belief updating in volatile environments in euthymic bipolar disorder.

Translational psychiatry·2025
Same author

Sensorimotor brain-computer interface performance depends on signal-to-noise ratio but not connectivity of the mu rhythm in a multiverse analysis of longitudinal data.

Journal of neural engineering·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

9.9K

Cardiac cycle modulates alpha and beta suppression during motor imagery.

Giuseppe Lai1, David Landi2, Carmen Vidaurre3,4,5

  • 1Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross London SE14 6NW, UK.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|November 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Motor imagery performance and muscle activity are enhanced during the cardiac diastole phase. This suggests optimizing timing for motor imagery-based assistive technologies by leveraging the cardiac cycle.

Keywords:
baroreceptor hypothesisdiastoleheart-to-brain interactioninteroceptionsystole

More Related Videos

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
08:55

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

9.1K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality
10:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

891

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 19, 2026

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention
09:48

Intracortical Inhibition Within the Primary Motor Cortex Can Be Modulated by Changing the Focus of Attention

Published on: September 11, 2017

9.9K
Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition
08:55

Online Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Protocol for Measuring Cortical Physiology Associated with Response Inhibition

Published on: February 8, 2018

9.1K
Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality
10:14

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Neurorehabilitation Through EEG, Motor Imagery, and Virtual Reality

Published on: May 10, 2024

891

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology
  • Motor Control

Background:

  • Sensory processing is reduced during cardiac systole, potentially due to baroreceptor activity.
  • Cortical excitability is diminished during systole, impacting neural processing.
  • The cardiac cycle's influence on sensorimotor activity requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how cardiac cycle phases (systole and diastole) modulate neural sensorimotor activity during motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME).
  • To determine if motor imagery performance is enhanced during diastole due to improved sensory processing.
  • To examine if cardiac phases influence muscle activity during movement.

Main Methods:

  • 29 participants performed or imagined thumb abductions.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), and electromyogram (EMG) were recorded.
  • Circular statistics were used to analyze cardiac timing effects.

Main Results:

  • Motor imagery during diastole showed significantly greater suppression of sensorimotor alpha and beta activity.
  • No significant cardiac timing effects were observed during motor execution.
  • Diastole was associated with increased EMG activity for both actual and imagined movements.

Conclusions:

  • Motor imagery performance is optimal during cardiac diastole, linked to enhanced sensorimotor cortical activity.
  • Cardiac phase influences muscle activity, with diastole showing greater potentiation.
  • Findings suggest potential for timing-based enhancements in motor imagery-based assistive technologies.