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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

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Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

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The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
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Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling
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Global Identification of Co-Translational Interaction Networks by Selective Ribosome Profiling

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snoRNA-facilitated protein secretion revealed by transcriptome-wide snoRNA target identification.

Bei Liu1, Tong Wu1, Bernadette A Miao2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

Cell
|November 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) can target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for non-canonical functions. A new chemical crosslinking method reveals thousands of snoRNA-mRNA interactions, including SNORA73 facilitating protein secretion.

Keywords:
RNA modifications Ψ and N(m)protein secretionprotein translocationsnoRNA molecular gluesnoRNA-7SL RNA interactionsnoRNA-mRNA interaction

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An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are primarily known for guiding RNA modifications like 2'-O-methylation and pseudouridine.
  • The full range of RNA targets for snoRNAs, particularly messenger RNAs (mRNAs), is not well understood due to technological limitations.
  • Identifying snoRNA targets broadly is crucial for understanding their diverse cellular roles beyond RNA modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel chemical crosslinking-based technology for comprehensive transcriptome-wide identification of snoRNA targets.
  • To uncover previously unrecognized interactions between snoRNAs and other cellular RNAs, especially mRNAs.
  • To investigate the functional implications of identified snoRNA-mRNA interactions, particularly non-canonical roles.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a chemical crosslinking-based approach to capture and identify RNA-RNA interactions.
  • Application of the method to human cells and mouse brain tissues to detect snoRNA targets.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify and quantify snoRNA-mRNA interactions transcriptome-wide.

Main Results:

  • Thousands of previously unrecognized snoRNA-mRNA interactions were identified in human cells and mouse brain.
  • A significant portion of these interactions occurred outside of known snoRNA-guided RNA modification sites, suggesting non-canonical functions.
  • The snoRNA SNORA73 was found to target mRNAs encoding secretory and membrane proteins and interact with 7SL RNA, a component of the signal recognition particle (SRP).

Conclusions:

  • The developed chemical crosslinking method effectively identifies a vast landscape of snoRNA-RNA interactions, expanding the known targets of snoRNAs.
  • SnoRNAs engage in non-canonical functions, interacting with mRNAs and other RNAs like 7SL RNA, impacting cellular processes.
  • SNORA73 utilizes interactions with target mRNAs and 7SL RNA to enhance SRP association, thereby promoting the secretion of encoded proteins.