An updated review of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cutaneous oncology: Beyond melanoma

Over the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been established as an integral component of the contemporary anticancer armamentarium. In dermatology, ICIs are most established as treatment of advanced melanoma. However, emerging evidence has demonstrated that their utility in cutaneous oncology extends to a variety of other non-melanoma malignancies. This review provides an update of the evidence from clinical trials, real world analyses, and translational research over the last three years in cutaneous malignancies beyond melanoma. Special focus is presented on areas warranting further evaluation - including populations underrepresented in or excluded from clinical trials; new and emerging treatment scenarios beyond patients with metastatic disease; novel combination approaches; and the urgent need for reliable predictive biomarkers to identify predictors of response. Collaboration between oncologists, dermatologists and dermatological surgeons is essential to progress our understanding and treatment of patients with advanced cutaneous malignancies.