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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood
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Local and Global Variability in Developing Human T-Cell Repertoires.

Giulio Isacchini1,2, Valentin Quiniou3,4, Pierre Barennes3,4

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual differences in T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires persist throughout T-cell maturation. This variability between individuals is as significant as the diversity within a single person across different T-cell types.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Adaptive immunity depends on T cells with diverse T-cell receptors (TCRs) for pathogen recognition.
  • TCRs are generated and selected during T-cell development in the thymus.
  • Understanding TCR repertoire diversity is crucial for immune response studies and therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze human TCR repertoires across T-cell maturation stages.
  • To quantify interindividual and inter-cellular variability in TCR repertoires.
  • To investigate the relationship between local and global TCR repertoire similarity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human TCR repertoires from thymocyte subsets.
  • Development of a distance metric for local TCR sequence similarity.
  • Comparison of repertoire variability across individuals and T-cell types.

Main Results:

  • Interindividual variability in TCR repertoires is maintained throughout T-cell maturation.
  • Variability between individuals is comparable to variability across cell types within an individual.
  • Whole repertoire models accurately predict local similarity networks, indicating no forbidden TCR sequences.

Conclusions:

  • TCR repertoire diversity is shaped by both individual-specific recombination and developmental processes.
  • Local sequence similarity measures correlate with global repertoire characteristics and provide cell-type information.
  • Findings advance the understanding of adaptive immune system complexity and T-cell differentiation.