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Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...

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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

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Published on: October 6, 2016

Cognitive Function in Frail Older Adults With Multiple Sclerosis: An Exploratory Study Using Secondary Data Analysis.

Emerson Sebastião¹, Vitor A A A Siqueira¹, Jemimah O Bakare¹

¹From the Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.

International Journal of MS Care

|November 25, 2024

Summary

Frailty is linked to worse cognitive function in older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Interventions are needed to improve cognition and reverse frailty in this population.

Keywords:

cognition elderly frailty geriatric syndrome memory neurological disease

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Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

Neurology
Geriatrics
Rehabilitation Science

Background:

Emerging research is exploring frailty in multiple sclerosis (MS).
This study investigates cognitive function in older adults with MS based on their frailty status.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the relationship between frailty and cognitive function in older adults diagnosed with MS.
To identify specific cognitive domains affected by frailty in this population.

Main Methods:

Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a feasibility trial involving older adults with MS.
Frailty assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).
Cognitive function evaluated with the Brief International Cognitive Assessments for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS).

Main Results:

Analysis included 26 older adults (≥60 years) with MS, with a mean disease duration over 20 years.
Nearly 58% of participants were classified as frail based on SPPB scores.
Frail individuals showed significantly worse performance on all BICAMS tests initially; however, only visuospatial memory remained significant after adjusting for age and disability.

Conclusions:

Frail older adults with MS exhibit diminished cognitive function compared to non-frail individuals.
Findings underscore the necessity for interventions targeting cognitive enhancement and frailty reversal in older adults with MS.