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In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Double Posteromedial Approach for Treating Posterior Cruciate Ligament Cysts
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Bilateral C1/2 synovial cysts causing cervicogenic headache.

Yuma Hiratsuka1, Yasufumi Ohtake1, Michiru Katayama1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Nakamura Memorial Hospital, 291-190 Minami 1jou Nishi 14choume, Chuo-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-8570, Japan.

Radiology Case Reports
|November 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilateral C1/2 synovial cysts, though rare, can cause cervicogenic headaches. Conservative treatment, including a neck brace and analgesics, effectively resolved symptoms and reduced cyst size in one patient.

Keywords:
Cervical cystCervicogenic headacheSynovial cyst

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Radiology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Cervical synovial cysts are uncommon, typically occurring at the C1/2 level.
  • Bilateral synovial cysts at the C1/2 level have not been previously documented in medical literature.

Observation:

  • A 77-year-old male presented with cervicogenic headache and occipital pain, worsened by left head rotation.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed bilateral C1/2 facet joint synovial cysts.
  • Dynamic cervical spine radiography indicated no spinal instability.

Findings:

  • Nonsurgical management, including a neck brace and analgesics, was initiated for the patient.
  • One month post-treatment, the patient's symptoms completely resolved.
  • Follow-up imaging revealed significant shrinkage of both C1/2 synovial cysts.

Implications:

  • Conservative treatment can be effective for bilateral cervical synovial cysts without significant neurological compromise.
  • Individualized treatment plans considering patient factors and imaging are crucial.
  • This case highlights a successful conservative approach for a rare presentation of cervical synovial cysts.