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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

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Clinico-pathologic correlation in ocular sarcoidosis.

Arthi Rao1, Jodi Hwang1, Joyce Wen1

  • 1Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports
|November 25, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study details managing a patient with severe, multi-system sarcoidosis, highlighting a unique treatment journey for refractory ocular disease and systemic involvement. Effective management required multidisciplinary collaboration and adjusted immunosuppressive therapy.

Keywords:
Choroidal neovascularizationOcular sarcoidTattooUveitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Presents a unique case of progressive, refractory multi-system sarcoidosis.
  • Initial symptoms included ocular and dermatologic findings.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old male with acute anterior uveitis and skin inflammation at a tattoo site.
  • Ocular sarcoidosis confirmed via skin biopsy; treatment with prednisone and adalimumab initiated.
  • Refractory ocular disease progressed despite immunosuppression, leading to disc edema and neovascular membranes.

Findings:

  • Escalation of therapy included methotrexate and intravitreal bevacizumab.
  • Patient developed hepatic and pulmonary sarcoidosis, necessitating discontinuation of methotrexate and adalimumab.
  • Mycophenolate mofetil was initiated, leading to resolution of ocular subretinal fluid and disease quiescence.

Implications:

  • Highlights the variable presentation and recalcitrant nature of sarcoidosis.
  • Demonstrates the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in managing complex cases.
  • Offers insights into therapeutic strategies for refractory ocular and multi-system sarcoidosis.