Awareness of Keratoconus Among the Population of Taif City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Keratoconus (KC) is a prevalent corneal condition in Saudi Arabia, with studies suggesting variable prevalence rates across regions, highlighting a considerable public health issue. Despite its prevalence, public awareness of the condition remains low. This study aims to evaluate the level of awareness of keratoconus among the population in Taif City, Saudi Arabia.

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Taif City from May to July 2024. An online questionnaire, adapted from a validated Arabic version, was distributed via social media to adults aged 18 years and older. The survey included questions about demographics, medical history, and keratoconus awareness. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Awareness levels were categorized as good or poor based on participants' responses, and the chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables.

The study included 499 participants, with 282 (56.5%) aged 18-25 years and 383 (76.8%) females. Nearly half of the participants, 248 (49.7%), had a history of allergies, and 294 (58.9%) reported having an eye condition. While 286 (57.3%) had heard of keratoconus, only 83 (16.6%) correctly identified it as corneal thinning. Additionally, 263 (52.7%) believed frequent eye rubbing could lead to keratoconus, though 186 (37.3%) were unsure. Overall, 414 (82.9%) participants demonstrated poor awareness of keratoconus. Participants with a refractive error, a family history of KC, or prior knowledge of the disease were significantly more likely to have good awareness (p < 0.05).

The study reveals a low level of awareness about keratoconus among the population in Taif, despite its significant association with eye rubbing and potential visual impairment. The findings highlight the need for public health interventions and educational campaigns to raise awareness and promote early detection of keratoconus.