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Risk of infective endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse: Systematic review with meta-analysis

Luisa Marques1, Catarina de Sousa2,3, Fausto J Pinto2,3

  • 1Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.

Heliyon
|November 25, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) have a significantly higher risk of developing infective endocarditis (IE). This systematic review found a 7-fold increased risk, highlighting the need for increased attention and further research.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Infective endocarditis (IE) is a severe valvular heart condition.
  • Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a known risk factor for IE, but the exact magnitude of this association requires quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze existing studies to estimate the risk of IE in patients with MVP compared to the general population.
  • To provide a more precise quantification of the association between MVP and IE.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Web of Science.
  • Eligible cohort and case-control studies were included.
  • Random effects meta-analysis was used to pool odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with heterogeneity assessed by the I2 test.

Main Results:

  • Six studies were included in the meta-analysis.
  • MVP patients demonstrated a significantly higher risk of IE (OR 7.83, 95% CI 5.11–12.02).
  • No significant variations in effect were observed based on risk of bias or study design.

Conclusions:

  • The 7-fold increased risk of IE in MVP patients warrants significant clinical attention.
  • Further contemporary research and studies on prophylaxis are recommended for this patient group.
Keywords:
AntibioticBarlow diseaseBillowingInfective endocarditisMitral valve prolapse

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