[Evolution of systemic and local hemostatic agents in armed conflicts].

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Trauma Care
• Military Medicine

Background:

• Traumatic bleeding presents a significant challenge in emergency care, particularly amidst widespread military conflicts.
• There is a critical need to consolidate current knowledge on hemostatic interventions applicable in combat scenarios.
• Existing literature on managing severe hemorrhage in austere environments requires systematic review.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize available data on systemic and local hemostatic agents.
• To evaluate devices used for temporary arrest of bleeding in combat conditions.
• To identify the most effective hemostatic strategies for battlefield trauma.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications and clinical data.
• Analysis of systemic hemostatic agents, including various formulations.
• Evaluation of local hemostatic products, focusing on chitosan-based materials.
• Assessment of modern and historical devices for temporary bleeding control.

Main Results:

• Chitosan-based hemostatic agents are identified as highly promising for local application.
• Systemic hemostatic agents are diverse, with many requiring further extensive clinical trials.
• Modern tourniquets demonstrate superior convenience and efficacy, significantly reducing mortality rates in extreme conditions compared to older models.

Conclusions:

• Chitosan-based agents represent a significant advancement in topical hemostasis for trauma.
• Further clinical research is essential to optimize systemic hemostatic agents for combat use.
• Advanced tourniquets are crucial life-saving tools in managing severe bleeding in extreme environments.