Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Case Studies

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

The Phragmoplast

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP Synthase: Structure

ATP synthase or ATPase is among the most conserved proteins found in bacteria, mammals, and plants. This enzyme can catalyze a forward reaction in response to the electrochemical gradient, producing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. ATP synthase can also work in a reverse direction by hydrolyzing ATP and generating an electrochemical gradient. Different forms of ATP synthases have evolved special features to meet the specific demands of the cell. Based on their specific feature, ATP...

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...

Pollination and Flower Structure

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Controlled Human Infection of Healthy Adults With Lyophilized <i>Neisseria lactamica</i> Induces Asymptomatic, Immunogenic Nasopharyngeal Carriage in the United Kingdom and Mali.

Open forum infectious diseases·2026

Same author

A tiered assessment of human health risks associated with exposure to persistent, mobile and toxic chemicals via drinking water.

The Science of the total environment·2024

Same author

[Clinical And Therapeutic Aspects Of Breast Fibroadenoma At The Gabriel Toure University Hospital].

Le Mali medical·2024

Same author

[Inflammatory Breast Cancers: Epidemiological Aspects At The Gabriel Touré University Hospital In Bamako, Mali].

Le Mali medical·2024

Same author

[Breast Cancer With Synchronous Metastases At The Gabriel Toure University Hospital: Frequency And Prognosis].

Le Mali medical·2024

Same author

[Evaluation Of The Quality Of Life After Mastectomy For Breast Cancer At The Gabriel Touré University Hospital].

Le Mali medical·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Published on: February 23, 2019

[Polythelia: About A Case And Litterature Review].

S A Sanogo¹, C Sylla¹, B Diawara¹

¹Gynécologie CHU Gabriel Touré.

Le Mali Medical

|November 25, 2024

Summary

This case report details a rare breast development anomaly, polythelia, where a woman had six nipples. Postpartum, five of these supernumerary nipples secreted milk.

Keywords:

breast congenital congénitales mammary pathologies pathologies mammaires polythelia polythélie sein

More Related Videos

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Cloud-Based Phrase Mining and Analysis of User-Defined Phrase-Category Association in Biomedical Publications

Published on: February 23, 2019

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts

Published on: September 20, 2018

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Human Anatomy
Developmental Biology

Background:

Polythelia, or supernumerary nipples, is a congenital anomaly resulting from incomplete regression of the embryonic mammary ridge.
This condition can occur along the embryonic milk line, typically from the axilla to the groin.
While often asymptomatic, polythelia can sometimes be associated with other urogenital anomalies.

Observation:

A case of polythelia was observed in a 32-year-old woman during pregnancy monitoring at the Gynecology-Obstetrics department.
The patient presented with three pairs of nipples, totaling six nipples across both breasts.
The anomaly was discovered incidentally during routine antenatal care.

Findings:

During the postpartum period, a significant finding was the lactation from five of the six supernumerary nipples.
This indicates functional glandular tissue development in the accessory nipples.
The primary nipple on each breast also exhibited normal lactation.

Implications:

This case highlights the potential functional capacity of supernumerary nipples, including lactation.
Understanding polythelia is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management in obstetrics and gynecology.
Further research into the embryological and genetic factors influencing supernumerary nipple development and function is warranted.